Among the anode materials, silicon is an ideal anode material for high⁃energy and high⁃power lithium ion batteries because of its exceptionally high theoretical capacity (4 200 mA·h/g) and low operation potential (~0.4 V vs Li/Li+). However, the huge volume change of silicon anode material during Li+ insertion/extraction processes causes serious structural damage and rapid capacity decay. In this paper, the lithium storage mechanism, structure evolution process, interface reaction and dynamic behavior of silicon anode material were explored. The recent progress of surface and interface modification methods, focusing on silicon electrode surface modification, electrolyte optimization and binder development, and their applications in lithium⁃ion batteries were reviewed. Challenges and perspectives about the future development of the surface and interface control of silicon anode were proposed.

With the rapid advancement of ecological civilization construction in China, energy utilization methods such as recycling industrial waste heat and developing clean energy have gradually received widespread attention in the market. In this paper, a dual⁃loop cycle⁃kalina (DORC⁃KC) cogeneration system based on LNG cold energy utilization was designed. In addition, a new method for reducing acid gas emissions from industrial waste heat was proposed. Through the construction of the system thermodynamic model, the key thermodynamic parameters affecting the system carbon capture were analyzed in detail. The results show that the top cycle in the double cycle uses cyclopentane as the working fluid. By increasing the evaporation temperature and evaporation pressure, the maximum net output of the system is 367.9 kW,and the thermal efficiency is 33.29%. In the Kalina cycle, factors such as flux and concentration have a positive impact on system efficiency. The optimal thermal efficiency is 15.42% and the cold energy recovery efficiency is 20.65%. The reduction in compression pressure reduces the amount of circulating water but increase the quantity of the liquefaction of CO2. When the compression pressure is 472 kPa, the system has the highest exergy efficiency of 34.30%, carbon capture rate of 47.00%, and the amount of recycled water recovered is 167 616 t.

In fluid pipeline leak detection and location, noise in the pressure signal collected both ends of the pipeline will affects the accuracy of leak detection and the error of leakage location. To reduce the noise interference an improved local mean decomposition (LMD) signal analysis method is proposed. The production functions (PF) that were related to the leak signal can be exacted, and it was necessary to know the characteristics of leak signals or noise in advance. According to the cross⁃correlation function, there is a significant peak between the measured signals which are decomposed into a number of PFs. These reconstructed principles PF components were obtained, and a wavelet analysis was used to remove the noise in the reconstructed signal. On this basis, the signal features were extracted according to the time⁃domain feature and waveform feature, which were input into Least Squares Twin Support Vector Machine (LSTSVM), LSTSVM to distinguished different working conditions. According to the reconstructed signal after wavelet de⁃noising, the time delay estimate of the negative pressure signal at the end of the pipeline is obtained by the cross⁃correlation function, and the leak location was ultimately calculated by combining the time delay with the leak signal propagation velocity. A leak simulation for pipeline was proposed , where the collected data of the different working conditions was processed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify different working conditions and accurately locate the leakage point.

The intensification of the greenhouse effect has led to a gradual increase in people's awareness of carbon capture. Aiming at the carbon capture problem, combining the CO ₂ supercritical Rankine cycle with the organic Rankine cycle, the original gas turbine exhaust gas power generation system was improved,an LNG cold energy cascade utilization system combining exhaust gas power generation and CO ₂ capture was proposed. The thermodynamic simulation of the system was carried out using Aspen Plus software, the effects of evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature on the thermodynamic performance of the system were analyzed in detail. The results show that the increasing of the evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature of the CO ₂ supercritical Rankine cycle have a positive effect on the net output power and thermal efficiency of the system. After the evaporation temperature of the organic Rankine cycle reaches 250 ℃, the waste heat recovery rate reaches the maximum value and no longer changes with evaporation pressure. The net output power of the system can reach 251.6 kW, the recovery rate of waste heat is 92.00% and the exergy efficiency is 57.00%.The amount of CO ₂ liquefaction can reach 883.6 kg/h, which is equivalent to reducing CO ₂ emissions by 7.63 million tons per year, and is of great significance to environmental protection.

In order to reduce the synthesis time of tris⁃(4⁃acetamidphenyl) methane and increase its yield, the reaction environment was transferred to ultrasonic waves, and ultrasonic wave shaking was used instead of the water bath stirring heating method. The infrared micro⁃spectroscopy was used to analyze whether acetamide was formed in the product; the high⁃performance liquid chromatography⁃mass spectrometer was used to analyze the conversion of the reactants at different time, temperature and reactant ratios and the yield and composition of the reaction product tris⁃(4⁃acetamidophenyl) methane. Further, the purified tris⁃(4⁃acetamidophenyl) methane was detected and confirmed using a Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The results show that the reaction environment can be set in the ultrasonic wave, which can not only greatly reduce the reaction time, but also reduce the formation of by⁃products; improve the product yield, reduce energy consumption and avoid environmental pollution.

Aiming at the serious pollution caused by burning of the fossil fuel, to increase the proportion of clean energy in primary energy consumption in China, a new Organic Rankine Cycle system utilizing the solar energy and the cold energy of liquefied natural gas (LNG) was constructed to solve the problem of serious environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion. The results showed that: the optimal net output power and thermal efficiency were obtained when the two cycle take the best evaporation pressure 2.8 MPa and the best evaporation temperature 371 K, the values are 81.46 kW and 20.88% respectively; when the evaporation pressure of two cycle is 3.0 MPa and the evaporation temperature is 371 K, the exergetic efficiency reaches the peak value 53.43%; the maximum exergy loss of the system is in the heat exchanger components, the exergy efficiency of solar collector is lower. According to 90% power generation efficiency and 1 yuan/(kW·h) electricity price, the system can bring economic benefits of more than RMB 530 000 per year. Compared with the same coal⁃fired power generation, it has the effect of SO2 emissions by 13 939 kg/a and CO2 emissions by 462 000 kg/a, which can achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

The main contribution is to present stability analysis criterion for a type of norm⁃bounded uncertain perturbed discrete systems(NUPDS) with its states is subjected to a novel ellipsoidal outer approximation,which is different from the traditional bound description of general state. Based on the Lyapunov method, a delay dependent criterion and the corresponding state feedback control law, which are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) technology, are proposed to guarantee the asymptotic stability for the perturb delay systems. The solution of the LMIs can be obtained easily using existing efficient convex optimization techniques. A numerical example is given to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed method.

The channel prediction of Fuyu reservoir has been always highly emphasized. Using the conventional seismic attribute to predict channel is difficult to achieve the precision requirements because of the complex fault and the fast lithofacies phase in Fuyu reservoir. Aiming at this weak problem, the method of combing gray correlation analysis and support vector machines is used to establish a set of technical process which is suitable for the prediction of fluvial reservoirs under complicated geological conditions. In Fuyu test area in X reservoir of Daqing oilfield as an example, firstly, conventional seismic attribute of sedimentary unit dimensionless, obtained by the method of gray correlation analysis of the seismic attribute correlation factor, the greater the degree of correlation, indicating that the response probability of attribute river is higher. On this basis, the optimal correlation factor sequence a accumulation of large properties, first order accumulative sequence is generated, used as the input into the support vector machine training sample, so as to complete construction of support vector machine river forecast model. Drilling confirms that the prediction based on Gray Correlation Support Vector Machine has a larger coincidence rate of drilling. Combined with the superiority of seismic inversion to predict the channel sand boundary, supplemented by data of core, well logging and mud logging data to complete sedimentary microfacies in X Test Area Fuyu reservoir. Meanwhile, drilling further confirms the reliability of predicting channel and then the industrial oil flow well is successfully obtained. The results of comprehensive research show that this method is suitable for high channel prediction accuracy. It can be used as a better channel prediction method under complicated geological conditions.

        Water flooding development has become the only way for the ultra low permeability fractured reservoir development. However, due to the problems of reservoir micro fracture development, serious heterogeneity and critical water, resulting the water flooding recovery was low.Spontaneous imbibition oil production is an important way of oil production in this kind of reservoir, on the basis of the use of indoor experiment, the salinity of injected water, core permeability, oil saturation, surfactant, oil viscosity and temperature in a low permeability fractured reservoir were studied systematically. Experimental results show that when the environment formation water salinity is less than the mainland core layer water salinity, or joining a surface active agent could significantly improve spontaneous imbibition effect. as the permeability and oil saturation increased and the crude oil viscosity decreased; capillary imbibition became stronger and the ultimate imbibition recovery is greater; the increase of temperature can increase the initial imbibition rate, but the ultimate imbibition recovery is basically the same, the temperature is not the direct acting factors about imbibition effects in ultra low permeability fractured reservoir.

In tertiary recovery process, there was a need of the static mixer promoting the polymer solution mixed with water to drive oil. Therefore, the mixing efficiency of the static mixer had an important influence on the efficiency of oil production. Based on that the mixing efficiency of the current commonly used static mixer was not high enough, a new type static mixer was developed. The flow characteristics of the fluid in the mixer were studied by the numerical simulation, and the simulation results were verified by the experiments and the performance of the mixer was measured. The result showed that the results of the simulation and experimental were in good agreement; the new type static mixer had the high mixing efficiency and mixing effect; the pressure drop of the static mixer met the requirement, and the best inlet rate was about 0.14 m/s

Using soil column leaching method, the best leaching conditions have been studied with the organic phosphonic acid PAPEMP, including different ratio of soil to solution, leaching time and leaching frequency on the Cd removal rate, respectively. The research results showedwhen the quality percentage of PAPEMP was 7%, the ratio of soil to solution of 1∶4, the leaching time of 240 min and leaching once, the removal rate of Cd was the highest. PAPEMP can be used in leaching remediation of Cd contaminated soils.

Sulfur phosphate was synthesized through the reaction of n-butanol, iso-octanol and phosphorus pentasulfide in the absence of solvent. The reaction condition was optimized by variation of catalyst type, the feeding mode of phosphorus pentasulfide, reaction temperature, pressure and initial reaction emperature. In the mean time, the performance differences of the lubricating additive T202 prepared by sulfur phosphate catalysis was compared with that synthesized with old process. Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions was as follows: the catalyst 4, the phosphorus pentasulfide feeding mode was nine, the reaction temperature was 50～55 ℃, the pressure was 0.07 MPa, initial temperature was 40 ℃, the reaction time was 1 h. Under this condition, the achieved content of sulfur phosphate was up to 99.4%, the zinc content of the lubricating additive T202 prepared by sulfur acid was 11.76%, and the chroma was 0.

The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is facing the dual threat of drought, semi arid and regional water source environmental safety for a long time. Moreover, the technology for environmental safety management is seriously outdated. In this paper, we have established the basic database of the surface morphology, hydrology, water quality, pollution sources, fracture surface and spatial water source environmental information in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In consideration of the strong spatial characteristics of the water source environmental information, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region water environmental safety management information system is developed on the ArcGIS network platform with C++ language and B/S architecturein this paper. The system not only achieves the visual computer management of the spatial information of water source but also provides guidance for the division of water source and water source protection management combining with water source and environmental monitoring, pollution sources and other data for the environmental safety analysis. Using the developed method in some cities of Inner Mongolia, the system shows strong practicability, information display intuitive and good universality, which provides effective decision support for environmental safety, high efficiency management and early warning of the water source in the autonomous region.

Polypropylene V30G and K4912 were respectively modified by melting blend method to prepare the special high rigidity PP material for the small household appliances. The effects of content of two nucleating agents G5588 and T5688 on the properties of polypropylene were studied. The prepared material showed the best property when using polypropylene PP (V30G) as matrix resin and G5588 as the nucleating agent. When the mass fraction of G5588 was 0.20%, the tensile strength of rigid polypropylene was 35.3 MPa, flexural strength was 37.87 MPa, impact strength was 3.84 kJ/m2, and the melt flow rate was 16.32 g/(10 min).

Based on the analyses of complex modeling characteristic with special fireworks, this paper puts forward a multiparameter simulation function. Through different parameters combination, a variety of special fireworks simulation could be realized. And some special fireworks simulation was carried out using the multiparameter function based on particle system, the results show that a variety of special fireworks simulation can be easily completed. By taking the actual scene images as background, the very good special fireworks simulation effect was obtained.

Copper tungstate was prepared by direct precipitation method at room temperature. The sample was treated with high temperature calcination and activation with hydrogen peroxide in order to improve the oxidative desulfurization activity. Then the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model oil was carried out using the activated CuWO4 as catalyst, hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, and imidazolium fluoroborate ionic liquid as extracting agent．The reaction conditions，including temperature, amount of catalyst and oxidant, types of extractant and sulfides were also studied．The results indicate the optimized desulfurization conditions of 0.4 mL of hydrogen peroxide, 0.02 g of catalyst, imidazole tetrafluoroborate as the extractant at 70 ℃ for 60 min, and the desulfurization rate can reach 93%. In addition, the desulfurization rate remains above 82% when the catalyst was reused for five times.

According to FCC（catalytic cracking）gasoline desulfurization, a set of test device was designed. The working principle of the experimental device and the selection of the key equipment were introduced in the article. It would effectively reduced the pulsation and solved the low metering accuracy of the pump, and the mixing time of the static mixer was too short and resulted in undermixing, and heat loss was too much and so on. From a longterm perspective, the design of desulfurization device provided a new way and making up for the deficiency of the existing desulfurization device.

Because of complexity, many aggregated methods for interval multiattribute group decision are difficult to general decision makers, a new way has been proposed in this paper. This method puts forward basic interval conception to aggregation and provides direct solution schematically. It is easier and more intuitive. Finally, as compared with the results of literature method, this has been demonstrated as an effective method.

New lithium/calcium complex grease was prepared from oil suspension of lithium hydrate instead of lithium hydroxide monohydrate. The preparation process of the new lithium/calcium complex grease was optimized, and found that the process with oil suspension of lithium hydrate as lithium source shows advantages of short saponification time, less thickener consumption, energy conservative and environmental friendly. As compared with the grease from lithium hydroxide monohydrate, this product has better oxidation stability, more smooth appearance and excellent properties.

 

A kind of method with using of vertebra medical image to deal with image key data was presented. First, used of the method of piecewise linear transform to stretch gray level of image for enhancing contrast ratio between target area and background area or reducing the detail in the target area. Second, used of information of pixel gray level to set up weighing chart, choose target seed pixels and background seed pixels, and then make use of rand-walk algorithm to divide up image so that receive edge of contour line. At last, unit area pixel average gray-level in the range of edge contour line was computed. Through comparing gray value of unit area in the region with bone density which can be gotten from physic testing, the bone density may be received in the checked region.

In the presence of the initiator benzoyl peroxide (BPO), maleic anhydride (MAH) was grafted onto a kind of H-1 type fischer-tropsch wax by melt grafting process to improve the hardness and other indicators of Fischer-Tropsch wax. The experimental results show that, when the reaction lasted for 20 min at the reaction temperature of 140 ℃, the amount of maleic anhydride （MAH）was 5.0 g and the amount of initiator （BPO）was 4.0 g, the grafting rate reached 1.53% while the product's penetration degree was 1.6(0.1 mm). From the infrared spectroscopy (IR), we can see that MAH had been successfully grafted to the fischer-tropsch wax.

By analyzing the characteristic of full binary tree, an equivalence definition was obtained. A decision algorithm of full binary tree completely based on height was provided by the equivalence definition. The algorithm solved the traditional deciding problem of full binary tree. The traditional method needs not only calculate binary tree height but also count branch node numbers. The new decision algorithm enriched the deciding methods of full binary tree. The application shows that the decision algorithm of full binary tree completely based on height runs accurately and the decision result is creditable.

The pour point depressant for diesel was prepared by firstly making modifacation of C5 petroleum resin with maleic anhydride, and then modified with octadecanol. Four factors were studied on the influence of freezing point and cold filter plugging point, which are, respectively, the amount of maleic anhydride and initiator, the time of reaction, the temperature of reaction. The result shows that, the best depression capacity of pour point depressant for diesel is acquired with the amount of maleic anhydride is 15%，and the amount of the initiator is 1.0%, and the temperature is 180 ℃ and the time is 3.0 h.

Let G be a simple graph with n vertices, the new upper bound on the sum of the Q spectral radius of a graph and its complement were given by its m edges, minimal degree of a vertex δ, maximal degree of a vertex Δ and chromatic number k． When graph G has no isolated vertex ,we have 2(n-1)≤ρ(Q(G))+ρ(Q([AKG-]))≤2(Δ-δ+n-1) and ρ(Q(G))+ρQ([AKG-]))≤2n-3+[KF(][JB((]2-[SX(]1[]2[SX)][JB))](n-1)n[KF)]，where t=min{k,[AKk-]}. When graph [AKG-] has l isolated vertices ,we have ρ(Q(G))+ρ(Q([AKG-]))≤2n-3+[KF(][JB((]2-[SX(]1[]k[SX)][JB))](n-1)2+l[KF)]. At the same time the upper bound on the sum of the Laplace spectral radius of a graph and its complement was given.

The catalytic oxidation experiments were carried out to prepare the horniness oxidized wax from paraffin wax and polyethylene. The results show that good products can be obtained under the following conditions: reaction temperature 170 ℃, reaction time 7 h, mass ratio of paraffin wax and polyethylene 7∶3, the amount of catalyst 0.01%, the amount of additive 1.0%, the air flow 0.20 m3/h. acid number of the product was 9.82 mg(KOH)/g, saponification number is 79.19 mg(KOH)/g, penetration is 9.2 (0.1 mm), melting point was 87.4 ℃, index of refraction(75 ℃ ) was 1.453 6. As compared with natural hard wax(carnauba wax)，their properties were quite similar each other.

Nb2O5/SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by impregnation with mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 as the carrier, and characterized by XRD, BET and other methods. The results show that catalyst Nb2O5/SBA-15, a highly ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure，has larger specific surface area，pore size and pore volume. The catalytic capability of Nb2O5/SBA-15 was studied for esterification, and the optimum reaction conditions were found as follows：n(methanol)/n(oleic acid)=2∶1，reaction temperature 160 ℃，reaction time 4 h，ratio of catalyst to reaction 9.10%. Better reuse ability of Nb2O5/SBA-15 can be also obtained, which confirms Nb2O5/SBA-15 a suitable catalyst for the esterification．

The software Pro/E was adopted to create a three-dimensional physical model of the virtual prototype of a single bucket backhoe hydraulic excavator work device. The model was transferred into ADAMS to build a virtual prototype of the work device. A work cycle of excavator work device, as well as the tangential force, the normal force and the gravitational force of the materials was successfully simulated by using the function step. With the simulation, load-time curves of three hinge points whose articulated stresses are more complex were obtained. The research has provided the basis for the design of the excavator devices.

Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and ρ(G) be its spectral radius．Let [AKG-] be the complement [KG*3]graph [KG*3]of [KG*3]G, [KG*3]and ρ([AKG-]) be the spectral radius of [AKG-]．The upper bound on sum of the spectral radius of G and [AKG-] were given, and the upper bound on sum of the spectral radius of G and [AKG-] were given when G be unconnected and [AKG-] be connected .